Central-Local Government Coordination During the COVID-19 Response: A Case Study Analysis of Jordan and Morocco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/20.4.1011-1033(2022)Keywords:
COVID-19, document analysis, local government, public policy, Jordan, MoroccoAbstract
This study seeks to understand the coordination of national and subnational governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan and Morocco. Utilizing a case study analysis strategy, this study provides a better understanding of the governmental response to the COVID-19 crisis in light of the relationship between the national and subnational levels of government. The examination of the two case studies, namely, Jordan and Morocco, was conducted through a document analysis strategy that implemented the READ approach. The results illustrate that pandemic management occurred through coordination between the central government, which is responsible for formulating response policies, and the subnational government, which is responsible for implementing these policies. Jordan formulated and institutionalized its response to the pandemic through the activation of Defense Law No. 13 of 1992. The governorates and municipalities worked together to implement the defense orders. Similarly, the government in Morocco established national response policies, and the local and territorial levels were responsible for executing these policies.
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Defense Order No. (1) for the year 2020 (Jordan).
Dutta, A. & Fischer, H. W. (2021) The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India, World Development, 138, pp.1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234.
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Hermansson, H. (2019) Challenges to Decentralization of Disaster Management in Turkey: The Role of Political-Administrative Context, International Journal of Public Administration, 42(5), pp. 417–431, https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1466898.
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Jung, K. & Song, M. (2014) Linking emergency management networks to disaster resilience: bonding and bridging strategy in hierarchical or horizontal collaboration networks, Quality & Quantity, 49(4), pp. 1465–1483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-014-0092-x.
Kapucu, N. & Hu, Q. (2016) Understanding Multiplexity of Collaborative Emergency Management Networks, The American Review of Public Administration, 46(4), pp. 399–417, https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014555645.
Kruks-Wisner, G. (2015) Navigating the State: Citizenship practice and the pursuit of services in Rural India, available at: https://saihu.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/GKW_SAI-working-paper_2015.pdf ( July 20, 2021).
Kusumasari, B. & Alam, Q. (2012) Bridging the gaps: the role of local government capability and the management of a natural disaster in Bantul, Indonesia, Natural Hazards, 60(2), pp. 761–779, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0016-1.
Loi organique n° 111-14 relative aux régions- organic law N° 111-14 regarding regions.
Loi organique n° 112-14 relative aux préfectures et provinces - organic law N° 112-14 concerning prefectures and provinces.
Loi organique n° 113-14 relative aux communes - organic law N ° 113-14 on the communities or municipalities.
Massadeh, A. E. (1999) The structure of public administration in Jordan: A constitutional and adminis- trative law perspective, Arab Law Quarterly, 14(2), pp. 91–111.
Merriam, S. B. (1988) Case study research in education: A qualitative approach (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass).
Meza, O. D. (2017) Policy analysis in local governments: An exploration of an institutional governance model, In: Méndez, J. L. & Dussauge-Laguna, M. I. (eds.) Policy Analysis in Mexico (Bristol: Bristol University Press), pp. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t895db.
Miller, M. A. & Douglass, M. (2015) Introduction: Decentralising disaster governance in urbanising Asia, Habitat International, 52, pp. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.028.
Ministry of Interior (2021) The COVID 19 procedural preparation, Unpublished report, (Amman, Jordan).
Ministry of Local Administration (2020) Review of municipalities' responsibilities during the pandemic, Unpublished report (Amman, Jordan).
Moon, M. J. (2020) Fighting COVID ‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges, Public Administration Review, 80(4), pp. 651–656, https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13214.
Moynihan, D. P. (2008) The Network Governance of Crisis Response: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems, La Follette School of Public Affairs Working Paper, No. 2008-020, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1311597.
Municipality Law No. 41 of 2015 (Jordan).
Nowell, B., Steelman, T., Velez, A.-L. K. & Yang, Z. (2018) The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks: Insights from the Field, The American Review of Public Administration, 48(7), pp. 699–715, https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074017724225.
OECD (2017) Emergency management in Morocco, OECD Review of Risk Management Policies Morocco (Paris: OECD Publishing), pp. 137-166, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264276482-9-en.
OECD (2020) The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government, available at: http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/ (July 27, 2021).
OECD (2019) Decentralization in Jordan: Context and background (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD (2020) Tackling Coronavirus (COVID-19). Contribution to a Global Effort. COVID-19 Crisis in Morocco (April 2021) (Harvard South Asia Institute), available at: https://www.oecd.org/dac/development-assistance-committee/daccovid19statement.htm (July 27, 2021).
Peters, B. G. & Pierre, J. (2010) Economic crisis, public administration, and governance, The Korean Journal of Policy Studies, 25(1), pp. 59-71.
Pollitt, C. (2005) Decentralization. A central concept in contemporary public management, In: Ferlie, E., Lynn, L. E. Jr. & Pollitt, C. (eds.) The oxford handbook of public management (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 371–397.
Sarker, N. I. & Wu, M. (2019) Bureaucracy in Bangladesh: A Disaster Management Perspective, In: Farazmand, A. (ed.) Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (Cham: Springer), pp. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3883-1.
Schuster, C., Weitzman, L., Sass Mikkelsen, K., Meyer‐Sahling, J., Bersch, K., Fukuyama, F., Paskov, P., Rogger, D., Mistree, D., & Kay, K. (2020) Responding to COVID‐19 through Surveys of Public Servants, Public Administration Review, 80(5), pp. 792–796, https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13246.
Scolobig, A., Prior, T., Schröter, D., Jörin, J. & Patt, A. (2015) Towards people-centred approaches for effective disaster risk management: Balancing rhetoric with reality, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, pp. 202–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.006.
Smoke, P. (2015) Rethinking Decentralization: Assessing Challenges to a Popular Public Sector Reform, Public Administration and Development, 35(2), pp. 97–112, https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1703.
The Civil Defense Law No. 18 of 2003.
The Official Gazette of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (2020) Issue No.5624- 5687.
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2022-11-02
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