Family Care Experience in a Decentralized Social Home Care Context

Authors

  • Valentina Hlebec University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4335/15.3.495-511(2017)

Keywords:

aging in place, long-term care system, informal care, care tasks, community care, social home care

Abstract

This survey analyses the scope and intensity of informal care for the elderly residing in their homes in Slovenia and their determinants: the residing municipality of the care recipient, geographical distance between the informal carer and the care recipient, to the care recipients’ and the care givers’ individual characteristics. With the increasing private out-of-pocket financial contribution, which is determined by municipality, the scope and intensity of informal care shows a significant increase as shown by regression analysis. Inter-municipal cooperation and the introduction of gradual private financial contribution are proposed as tools for improving accessibility of social home care in Slovenia.

Author Biography

  • Professor

References

Allen, S. M., Goldscheider, F. & Ciambrone. D. A. (1999) Gender Roles, Marital Intimacy, and Nomination of Spouse as Primary Caregiver, The Gerontologist, 39(2), pp. 150–58, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/39.2.150.
Andersen, R. M. & Newman, J. F. (2005) Societal and Individual Determinants of Medical Care Utilization in the United States, The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00428.x.
Anderson, R. (ed) (2012) Quality of Life in Europe: Impacts of the Crisis. 3rd European Quality of Life Survey, Eurofound Quality of Life Survey (Luxembourg: Publications Off. of the Europ. Union).
Armi, F., Guilley, E. & Epinay, J. L. D. (2008) The Interface between Formal and Informal Support in Advanced Old Age: A Ten-Year Study, International Journal of Ageing & Later Life, 3(1), pp. 5–19.
Blomgren, J., Martikainen, P., Martelin, T. & Koskinen S. (2008) Determinants of Home-Based Formal Help in Community-Dwelling Older People in Finland, European Journal of Ageing, 5(4), pp. 335–47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-008-0094-4.
Bookwala, J., Zdaniuk, Z., Burton, L., Lind, B., Jackson, S. & Schulz, R. (2004) Concurrent and Long-Term Predictors of Older Adults’ Use of Community-Based Long-Term Care Services: The Caregiver Health Effects Study, Journal of Aging and Health, 16(1), pp. 88–115, https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264303260448.
Chappel, N. & Blandford, A. (1991) Informal and Formal Care: Exploring the Complementarity, Ageing and Society, 11(3), pp. 299–317.
Colombo, F., Llena-Nozal, A., Mercier, J. & Frits, T. (2011) Help Wanted? Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care: Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care (OECD Publishing).
Denton, M. (1997) The Linkages between Informal and Formal Care of the Elderly, Canadian Journal on Aging, 16(1), pp. 30–50.
Edelman, P. & Hughes, S. (1990) The Impact of Community Care on Provision of Informal Care to Homebound Elderly Persons, Journal of Gerontology, 45(2), pp. S74–84.
Finzgar, M. & Oplotnik, Ž. J. (2013) Comparison of Fiscal Decentralization Systems in EU-27 according to Selected Criteria, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 11(3), pp. 651-672.
Gennet, N., Boerma, W. Kroneman, M., Hutchinson, A. & Saltman, R. (2012) Home Care across Europe: Current Structure and Future Challenges (The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Supports).
Van Groenou, B. M. I., Glaser, M. K., Tomassini, C. & Jacobs, T. (2006) Socio-Economic Status Differences in Older People’s Use of Informal and Formal Help: A Comparison of Four European Countries, Ageing & Society, 26 (5), pp. 745–66, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X06005241.
Van Groenou, B. M. I. & Boer, A. (2016) Providing Informal Care in a Changing Society, European Journal of Ageing, April, pp. 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-016-0370-7.
Halásková, M. & Halásková, R. (2014) Impacts of Decentralization on the Local Government Expenditures and Public Services in the EU Countries, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 12(3), pp. 623–642.
Halásková, M. & Halásková, R. (2015) Fiscal Decentralisation and Provision of Local Public Services in Selected EU Countries, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 13(3), pp. 595–613.
Hlebec, V. (2010) Oskrba Starih Med Državo in Družino: Oskrba Na Domu (Care for Older People between the State and Family: Home Care), Teorija in Praksa, 47(4), pp. 765–785.
Hlebec, V. (2012) Kontekstualni Dejavniki Uporabe Oskrbe Na Domu v Sloveniji = Contextual Factors of Home Care Utilization in Slovenia, Zdravstveno Varstvo, 51(2), pp. 120–27.
Hlebec, V. (2014) Individual and Contextual Determinants of Social Homecare Usage in Slovenia/ Dispozicijski In Kontekstualni Dejavniki Uporabe Socialne Oskrbe Na Domu, Zdravstveno Varstvo, 53(4), pp. 311–317.
Hlebec, V. (2015) Care Arrangements among Social Home Care Users in Slovenia, Studia Socjologiczne, 2, pp. 75.
Hlebec, V. & Filipovič Hrast, M. (2016) Influence of Contextual and Organisational Factors on Combining Informal and Formal Care for Older People. Slovenian Case, Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 4(2), pp. 30–54.
Hlebec, V. & Filipovič Hrast, M. (2015) Ovrednotenje Dostopa Do Socialne Oskrbe Na Domu Z Vidika Uporabnikov. Evaluation of the Access to Social Home Care: Users Perspective, Teorija in Praksa, 52(1/2), pp. 48-66.
Hlebec, V., Mali, J. & Filipovič Hrast, M. (2014a) Community Care for Older People in Slovenia, Anthropological Notebooks, 20, pp. 5–20.
Hlebec, V. Nagode, M. & Filiovič Hrast, M. (2014b) Kakovost socialne oskrbe na domu: vrednotenje, podatki in priporočila (Quality of the Social Home Care: Evaluation, data and Recommendations) (Ljubljana, Fakulteta za družbene vede: Založba FDV).
Hlebec, V., Nagode, M. & Filipovič Hrast, M. (2014c) Care for Older People Between State and Family: Care Patterns Among Social Home Care Users, Teorija in Praksa, 51(5), pp. 886–903.
Hlebec, V., Srakar, A. & Majcen, B. (2016) Care for the elderly in Slovenia : a combination of informal and formal care, Revija za socijalnu politiku,23(2), pp. 159-179.
Hoffman, I. (2012) Some Thoughts on the System of Tasks of the Local Autonomies Related to the Organisation of Personal Social Care, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 10(4), pp. 323–40.
Hvalič Touzery, S. (2009) Družinska oskrba bolnih starih družinskih članov. In: Hlebec, V. (ed.) Starejši ljudje v družbi sprememb (Maribor: Aristej), pp. 109-123.
Jacobs, M., Broese van Groenou, T. I. M., de Boer, A. H. & Deeg, D. J. H. (2014) Individual Determinants of Task Division in Older Adults’ Mixed Care Networks, Health & Social Care in the Community, 22(1), pp. 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12061.
Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B- A. & Jaffe, M. W. (1963) Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL: A Standardized Measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function, Jama, 185(12), pp. 914–919.
Kavčič, M., Filipovič Hrast, M. & Hlebec, V. (2012) Older People and Their Strategies for Coping with Health Risks, Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 51(3), pp. 163–172.
Koo, C. D., Kim, H. J. & Kim, P. S. (2014) Analysis on the Unequal Welfare Service Distribution among Local Governments in Korea, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 12(2), pp. 225–48.
Kukovič, S., Haček, M. & Bukovnik, A. (2016) The issue of loca authonomy in the Slovenian local government system, Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government, 14(3), pp. 303-320
Lamura, G., Mnich, E., Nolan, M., Wojszel, B., Krevers, B., Mestheneos, L. & Döhner, H. (2008) Family Carers’ Experiences Using Support Services in Europe: Empirical Evidence From the EUROFAMCARE Study, The Gerontologist, 48(6), pp. 752–771, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/48.6.752.
Lawton, M. P. & Brody, E. M. (1969) Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, The Gerontologist 9(3/1), 179–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179.
Lebar, L., Kovač, N. & Nagode, M. (2014) Izvajanje Pomoci Na Domu - Analiza Stanja v Letu 2014 (Ljubljana: IRSSV).
Litwak, E. (1985) Helping the Elderly: The Complementary Roles of Informal Networks and Formal Systems (New York: Guilford Press).
Messeri, P., Silverstein, M. & Litwak, E. (1993) Choosing Optimal Support Groups: A Review and Reformulation, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34(2), pp. 122–137.
Nagode, M. & Lebar, L. (2012) Izvajanje pomoči na domu: analiza stanja v letu 2012: končno poročilo (Ljubljana: Inštitut Republike Slovenije za socialno varstvo).
Nagode, M., Zver, E., Marn, S., Jacović, A. & Dominkuš, D. (2014) Dolgotrajna oskrba - uporaba mednarodne definicije v Sloveniji (Long-term Care - the Use of the International Definition in Slovenia) (Ljubljana: UMAR).
Nagode, M. & Srakar, A. (2015) Neformalni oskrbovalci : kdo izvaja neformalno oskrbo, v kolikšnem obsegu in za koga. In: Majcen, B. (ed.) Značilnosti starejšega prebivalstva v Sloveniji - prvi rezultati raziskave SHARE. 1. natis (Ljubljana: Inštitut za ekonomska raziskovanja), pp. 232-243.
Noelker, L. S., & Bass D. M. (1989) Home Care for Elderly Persons: Linkages Between Formal and Informal Caregivers, Journal of Gerontology, 44(2), pp. 63–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.2.S63.
Pevcin, P. & Rakar, I. (2015) Local Public Services in Slovenia – Legal, Organisational, Economic and Financial Aspects, Hrvatska I Komparativna Javna Uprava, 15(3), pp. 697–714.
Rakar, I., Tičar, B. & Klun, M. (2015) Inter-Municipal Cooperation: Challenges in Europe and in Slovenia, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 11(45), pp. 185–200.
Smolej, S., Jakob, P. Nagode, M. & Žiberna, V. (2008) Analiza izvajanja pomoči na domu: končno poročilo (Ljubljana: IRSSV).
Suanet, B., Broese Van Groenou, M. & Van Tilburg, T. (2012) Informal and Formal Home-Care Use among Older Adults in Europe: Can Cross-National Differences Be Explained by Societal Context and Composition?, Ageing & Society, 32 (3), pp. 491–515, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X11000390.

Published

2017-06-28

Issue

Section

Article