Beyond the Dichotomous Evaluation of the Public Value-PPP Relation: From PPP to PPX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/13.3.375-395(2015)Keywords:
privateness, publicness, public-private partnership, public value, social enterpreneurshipAbstract
Scholars have called for a greater attentiveness to and venturing beyond the dichotomy of public value created or lost in public-private partnering activity. To accomplish this, I first propose a shift from the term “public-private partnership” (PPP) to “public-private mix”(PPX). I then utilize a unique form of logical inference, abduction, at this initial stage of theory building to glean details about the two emerging concepts of public value and PPX. To illustrate their varying dimensions, a case study of ten PPXs in Taiwan are conducted and analysed. In the process, the study demonstrates three analyses of the blurring of boundaries.
References
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Bloomfield, P. (2006) The challenging business of long-term public-private partnerships: Reflections on local experience, Public Administration Review, 66(3), pp. 400-411, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00597.x.
Borzaga, C. & Defourny, J. (eds.) (2004) The Emergence of Social Enterprise (New York: Routledge).
Box, M., Marshall, G. S., Reed, B. J. & Reed, C. M. (2001) New public management and substantive democracy, Public Administration Review, 61(5), pp. 608–618, doi:: 10.1111/0033-3352.00131.
Bozeman, B. (1984) Dimensions of publicness: an approach to public organization theory, In: Bozeman, B. & Straussman, J. (eds) New Directions in Public Administration (Belmont, CA: Crooks/Cole), pp. 46-62.
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Britton, N. R. (2001) A new emergency management for the new millennium?, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 16(4), pp. 44–54.
Christensen, T. & Lægreid, P. (2002) New public management: puzzles of democracy and the influence of citizens, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10(3), pp. 267–295, doi: 10.1111/1467-9760.00153.
CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) (1999) Partnership for Governance (Quebec: CIDA).
Collins, N. & Butler, P. (2003) When marketing models clash with democracy, Journal of Public Affairs, 3(1), pp. 52–62, doi: 10.1002/pa.133.
Curry G (2002) Directory of corporate philanthropy an Australian first, Sunday Times (June 23, 2002).
Dahl, R. A. & Lindblom, C. E. (1953) Politics, Economics, and Welfare (New Jersey: Transaction Publishers).
DeLeon, L. (1998) Accountability in a ‘reinvented’ government, Public Administration, 76(3), pp. 539–558, doi: 10.1111/1467-9299.00116.
Domberger, S. & Jensen, P. (1997) Contracting out by the public sector: theory, evidence, prospects, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 13(4), pp. 67–78, doi: 10.1093/oxrep/13.4.67.
Donahue, J. D. & Moore, M. H. (eds.) (2012) Ports in a Storm: Public Management in a Turbulent World (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press).
Edelenbos, J. & Teisman, G. R. (2008) Public – private partnership: on the edge of project and process management. Insights from Dutch practice: the Sijtwende spatial development project, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(3), pp. 614–626, doi: 10.1068/c66m.
Edwards, M. (2001) Participatory governance into the future: roles of the government and community sectors, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(3), pp. 78–88, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00226.
EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) (2002) Public v Private (London: The Economist Newspaper Group).
Ekström, T. & Dorn, M. (2014) Public private partnerships in defence acquisition, In: Eßig, M. & Glas, A. (ed) Performance Based Logistics (Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden), pp. 303-324.
Eskridge, W. N. (1989) Public Values in Statutory Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, pp. 1007-1104, doi: 10.2307/3312130.
Flinders M (2010) Splintered logic and political debate, In: Hodge, G., Greve, C. & Boardman, A. (eds) International Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing House), pp. 115–131.
Frederickson, G. & Smith, K. (2003) The Public Administration Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press).
Grimsey, D. & Lewis, M. K. (2005) Are public private partnerships value for money?, Evaluating alternative approaches and comparing academic and practitioner views, Accounting Forum, 29(4), pp. 345-378, doi: 10.1016/j.accfor.2005.01.001.
Grimshaw, D., Vincent, S. & Willmot, H. (2001) New Control Modes and Emergent Organizational Forms: Public-Private Contracting in Public Administration, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 23(3), pp. 407–430, doi: 10.2307/25611530.
Guzmán, F. & Sierra, V. (2012) Public-private collaborations: branded public services?, European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8), pp. 994-1012, doi: 10.1108/03090561211230160.
Hess, M. & Adams, D. (2001) Community in public policy: fad or foundation?, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(2), pp. 13–23, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00205.
Hodge, G. A. (2004) The risky business of public-private partnerships, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 63(4), pp. 37–49, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8500.2004.00400.x.
Kanter, R. M. (1994) Collaborative advantage: the art of alliances, Harvard Business Review, 72(4), pp. 96–108.
Klijn, E. H. & Teisman, G. R. (2005) Public private partnerships as the managing of coproduction: strategic and institutional obstacles in a difficult marriage, In: Hodge, G. & Greve, C. (eds) The Challenge of Public-Private Partnerships: Learning from International Experience (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing House), pp. 95–116.
Klijn, E.-H. & van Twist, M. (2007) Publiek-private samenwerking in Nederland: overzicht van theorie en praktijk, In: Boonstra, J. (ed) Ondernemen in Allianties en Netwerken: Een Multidisciplinair Perspectief (Deventer: Kluwer Publishing House), pp. 161–196.
Kouwenhoven, P. (1991) Publiek-private samenwerking. Mode of model?, PhD Thesis, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (Delft: Eburon).
Kula, N. & Fryatt, R. J. (2014) Public-private interactions on health in South Africa: opportunities for scaling up, Health Policy and Planning, 29(5), pp. 560-569, doi: 10.1093/heapol/czt042.
Langford J (2002) Managing public-private partnerships in Canada, In: Edwards, M. & Langford, J. (eds) New Players, Partners and Processes: A Public Sector Without Boundaries (Canberra: NIG/CPSS), pp. 68–84.
Lawless, P. (1993) Offentlich-private partnerschaften in Grossbritannien – analyse und kritik, In: Heinz, W. (ed) Public Private Partnership - Ein neuer Weg zur Stadtentwicklung? (Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag W. Kohlhammer), pp. 199-244.
Lewis, D. (2000) Building ‘active’ partnerships in aid-recipient countries: lessons from a rural development project in Bangladesh, In: Osborne, S. (ed.) Public Private Partnerships: Theory and Practice in International Perspective (London, UK: Routledge), pp. 252–264.
Linder, S. H. & Vaillancourt Rosenau, P. (2000) Mapping the terrain of public-private partnership. In: Vaillancourt Rosenau, P. (ed.) Public-Private Policy Partnership (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press), pp. 1-18.
Lönnroth, K., Uplekar. M., Arora, V. K., Juvekar, S., Lan, N. T., Mwaniki, D. & Pathania, V. (2004) Public-private mix for DOTS implementation: what makes it work?, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82(8), pp. 580-586, doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862004000800007.
Lonsdale, C. (2007) The challenge of public-private partnerships, Local Government Studies, 33(2), 311-319, doi: 10.1080/03003930701200577.
Malmborg, R., Mann, G., Thomson, R. & Squire, S. B. (2006) Can public-private collaboration promote tuberculosis case detection among the poor and vulnerable?, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(9), pp. 752-758, doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862006000900019.
Mathur, N. & Skelcher, C. (2007) Evaluating democratic performance: methodologies for assessing the relationship between network governance and citizens, Public Administration Review, 67(2), pp. 228–236, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00709.x.
McQuaid, R. (2000) The theory of partnership. Why have partnerships?, In: Osborne, S. (ed.) Managing Public-Private Partnerships for Public Services: an International Perspective (London, UK: Routledge), pp. 9–35.
Moore, M. H. (1995) Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Moore, M. H. (2013) Recognizing Public Value (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Mistarihi, A. M., Al Refai, M. S., Al Qaid, B. A. & Qeed, M. A. (2012) Competency requirements for managing public private partnerships (PPPs): the case of infrastructure projects in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), pp. 60-73, doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v7n12p60.
Muetzelfeldt, M. (2001) The facilitative state and the symbolic potency of mutual obligation, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(2), pp. 99–110, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00214.
Nyssens, M. (ed.) (2007) Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and Civil Society (London: Routledge).
Osborne, D. & Gaebler, T. (1992) Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
Osborne, D. & Plastrik, P. (1998) Banishing Bureaucracy: the Five Strategies for Reinventing Government (New York, NY: Penguin).
Peirce, C. S. (1958) The Collected Works of Charles Sanders Peirce (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).
Perry, J. L. & Rainey, H. G. (1988) The public-private distinction in organization theory: A critique and research strategy, Academy of Management Review, 13(2), pp. 182-201, doi: 10.5465/AMR.1988.4306858.
Peters, G. B. & Pierre, J. (2003) The role of public administration in governing, In: Peters, G. B. & Pierre, J. (eds) Handbook of Public Administration (London: Sage Publications), pp. 1–10.
Rainey, H. G. (2002) What motivates bureaucrats? Politics and administration during the Reagan years, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(2), pp. 303-306, doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003535.
Rainey, H. G. Backoff, R. W. & Levine, C. H. (1976) Comparing public and private organizations, Public Administration Review, 36(2), pp. 233-246, doi: 10.2307/975145.
Reynaers, A & De Graaf, G. (2014) Public values in public–private partnerships, International Journal of Public Administration, 37(2), pp. 120-128, doi: 10.1080/01900692.2013.836665.
Rosenau, P. (2000) The Strengths and Weaknesses of Public-Private Policy Partnerships (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
Salamon, L. (2002) The new governance and the tools of public action: an introduction, In: Salamon, L. (ed.) The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press), pp. 1–47.
Savitch, H. V. (1998) The ecology of public-private partnerships: Europe, In: Pierre, J. (ed.) Partnerships in Urban Governance: European and American Experience (New York: St. Martin's Publishing House), pp. 175-186.
Schaeffer, P. V. & Loveridge, S. (2002) Toward an understanding of types of public-private cooperation, Public Performance & Management Review, 26(2), pp. 169-189, doi: 10.1177/1530957602238261.
Sullivan, H. & Skelcher, C. (2003) Working across boundaries: collaboration in public services, Health and Social Care in the Community, 11(2), pp. 185–185. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.04183.x.
Thompson, J. L. (2002) The world of the social entrepreneur, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5), pp. 412-431, doi: 10.1108/09513550210435746.
Van Gestel, N., Koppenjan, J., Schrijver, I., Van de Ven, A. & Veeneman, W (2008) Managing public values in public-private networks: A comparative study of innovative public infrastructure projects, Public Money and Management, 28(3), pp. 139-145, doi: 0.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00635.x.
Weihe, G. (2008) Public-private partnerships and public-private value trade-offs, Public Money and Management, 28(3), pp. 153–158, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00637.x.
Wettenhall, R. (2003) The rhetoric and reality of public-private partnerships, Public Organization Review: a Global Journal, 3(1), pp. 77–107, doi: 10.1023/A:1023000128175.
Barberis P (1998) The new public management and a new accountability, Public Administration, 76(3): pp. 451–470. doi: 10.1111/1467-9299.00111.
Baxter, K. (1994) Microeconomic reform: A scorecard from the States, paper to Third annual microeconomic reform conference (Sydney: Business Council of Australia).
Beauregard RA (1998) Public-private partnerships as historical chameleons: the case of the United States, In: Pierre, J. (ed) Partnerships in Urban Governance: European and American Experience (New York: St. Martin’s Press), pp. 52-70.
Benington, J. (2009) Creating the Public in Order to Create Public Value?, International Journal of Public Administration, 32(3-4), pp. 232-249, doi: 10.1080/01900690902749578.
Bloomfield, P. (2006) The challenging business of long-term public-private partnerships: Reflections on local experience, Public Administration Review, 66(3), pp. 400-411, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00597.x.
Borzaga, C. & Defourny, J. (eds.) (2004) The Emergence of Social Enterprise (New York: Routledge).
Box, M., Marshall, G. S., Reed, B. J. & Reed, C. M. (2001) New public management and substantive democracy, Public Administration Review, 61(5), pp. 608–618, doi:: 10.1111/0033-3352.00131.
Bozeman, B. (1984) Dimensions of publicness: an approach to public organization theory, In: Bozeman, B. & Straussman, J. (eds) New Directions in Public Administration (Belmont, CA: Crooks/Cole), pp. 46-62.
Bozeman, B. (2007) Public Values and Public Interest: Counterbalancing Economic Individualism (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press).
Britton, N. R. (2001) A new emergency management for the new millennium?, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 16(4), pp. 44–54.
Christensen, T. & Lægreid, P. (2002) New public management: puzzles of democracy and the influence of citizens, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10(3), pp. 267–295, doi: 10.1111/1467-9760.00153.
CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) (1999) Partnership for Governance (Quebec: CIDA).
Collins, N. & Butler, P. (2003) When marketing models clash with democracy, Journal of Public Affairs, 3(1), pp. 52–62, doi: 10.1002/pa.133.
Curry G (2002) Directory of corporate philanthropy an Australian first, Sunday Times (June 23, 2002).
Dahl, R. A. & Lindblom, C. E. (1953) Politics, Economics, and Welfare (New Jersey: Transaction Publishers).
DeLeon, L. (1998) Accountability in a ‘reinvented’ government, Public Administration, 76(3), pp. 539–558, doi: 10.1111/1467-9299.00116.
Domberger, S. & Jensen, P. (1997) Contracting out by the public sector: theory, evidence, prospects, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 13(4), pp. 67–78, doi: 10.1093/oxrep/13.4.67.
Donahue, J. D. & Moore, M. H. (eds.) (2012) Ports in a Storm: Public Management in a Turbulent World (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press).
Edelenbos, J. & Teisman, G. R. (2008) Public – private partnership: on the edge of project and process management. Insights from Dutch practice: the Sijtwende spatial development project, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(3), pp. 614–626, doi: 10.1068/c66m.
Edwards, M. (2001) Participatory governance into the future: roles of the government and community sectors, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(3), pp. 78–88, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00226.
EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) (2002) Public v Private (London: The Economist Newspaper Group).
Ekström, T. & Dorn, M. (2014) Public private partnerships in defence acquisition, In: Eßig, M. & Glas, A. (ed) Performance Based Logistics (Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden), pp. 303-324.
Eskridge, W. N. (1989) Public Values in Statutory Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, pp. 1007-1104, doi: 10.2307/3312130.
Flinders M (2010) Splintered logic and political debate, In: Hodge, G., Greve, C. & Boardman, A. (eds) International Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing House), pp. 115–131.
Frederickson, G. & Smith, K. (2003) The Public Administration Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press).
Grimsey, D. & Lewis, M. K. (2005) Are public private partnerships value for money?, Evaluating alternative approaches and comparing academic and practitioner views, Accounting Forum, 29(4), pp. 345-378, doi: 10.1016/j.accfor.2005.01.001.
Grimshaw, D., Vincent, S. & Willmot, H. (2001) New Control Modes and Emergent Organizational Forms: Public-Private Contracting in Public Administration, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 23(3), pp. 407–430, doi: 10.2307/25611530.
Guzmán, F. & Sierra, V. (2012) Public-private collaborations: branded public services?, European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8), pp. 994-1012, doi: 10.1108/03090561211230160.
Hess, M. & Adams, D. (2001) Community in public policy: fad or foundation?, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(2), pp. 13–23, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00205.
Hodge, G. A. (2004) The risky business of public-private partnerships, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 63(4), pp. 37–49, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8500.2004.00400.x.
Kanter, R. M. (1994) Collaborative advantage: the art of alliances, Harvard Business Review, 72(4), pp. 96–108.
Klijn, E. H. & Teisman, G. R. (2005) Public private partnerships as the managing of coproduction: strategic and institutional obstacles in a difficult marriage, In: Hodge, G. & Greve, C. (eds) The Challenge of Public-Private Partnerships: Learning from International Experience (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing House), pp. 95–116.
Klijn, E.-H. & van Twist, M. (2007) Publiek-private samenwerking in Nederland: overzicht van theorie en praktijk, In: Boonstra, J. (ed) Ondernemen in Allianties en Netwerken: Een Multidisciplinair Perspectief (Deventer: Kluwer Publishing House), pp. 161–196.
Kouwenhoven, P. (1991) Publiek-private samenwerking. Mode of model?, PhD Thesis, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (Delft: Eburon).
Kula, N. & Fryatt, R. J. (2014) Public-private interactions on health in South Africa: opportunities for scaling up, Health Policy and Planning, 29(5), pp. 560-569, doi: 10.1093/heapol/czt042.
Langford J (2002) Managing public-private partnerships in Canada, In: Edwards, M. & Langford, J. (eds) New Players, Partners and Processes: A Public Sector Without Boundaries (Canberra: NIG/CPSS), pp. 68–84.
Lawless, P. (1993) Offentlich-private partnerschaften in Grossbritannien – analyse und kritik, In: Heinz, W. (ed) Public Private Partnership - Ein neuer Weg zur Stadtentwicklung? (Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag W. Kohlhammer), pp. 199-244.
Lewis, D. (2000) Building ‘active’ partnerships in aid-recipient countries: lessons from a rural development project in Bangladesh, In: Osborne, S. (ed.) Public Private Partnerships: Theory and Practice in International Perspective (London, UK: Routledge), pp. 252–264.
Linder, S. H. & Vaillancourt Rosenau, P. (2000) Mapping the terrain of public-private partnership. In: Vaillancourt Rosenau, P. (ed.) Public-Private Policy Partnership (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press), pp. 1-18.
Lönnroth, K., Uplekar. M., Arora, V. K., Juvekar, S., Lan, N. T., Mwaniki, D. & Pathania, V. (2004) Public-private mix for DOTS implementation: what makes it work?, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82(8), pp. 580-586, doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862004000800007.
Lonsdale, C. (2007) The challenge of public-private partnerships, Local Government Studies, 33(2), 311-319, doi: 10.1080/03003930701200577.
Malmborg, R., Mann, G., Thomson, R. & Squire, S. B. (2006) Can public-private collaboration promote tuberculosis case detection among the poor and vulnerable?, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(9), pp. 752-758, doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862006000900019.
Mathur, N. & Skelcher, C. (2007) Evaluating democratic performance: methodologies for assessing the relationship between network governance and citizens, Public Administration Review, 67(2), pp. 228–236, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00709.x.
McQuaid, R. (2000) The theory of partnership. Why have partnerships?, In: Osborne, S. (ed.) Managing Public-Private Partnerships for Public Services: an International Perspective (London, UK: Routledge), pp. 9–35.
Moore, M. H. (1995) Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Moore, M. H. (2013) Recognizing Public Value (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Mistarihi, A. M., Al Refai, M. S., Al Qaid, B. A. & Qeed, M. A. (2012) Competency requirements for managing public private partnerships (PPPs): the case of infrastructure projects in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), pp. 60-73, doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v7n12p60.
Muetzelfeldt, M. (2001) The facilitative state and the symbolic potency of mutual obligation, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 60(2), pp. 99–110, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.00214.
Nyssens, M. (ed.) (2007) Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and Civil Society (London: Routledge).
Osborne, D. & Gaebler, T. (1992) Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
Osborne, D. & Plastrik, P. (1998) Banishing Bureaucracy: the Five Strategies for Reinventing Government (New York, NY: Penguin).
Peirce, C. S. (1958) The Collected Works of Charles Sanders Peirce (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).
Perry, J. L. & Rainey, H. G. (1988) The public-private distinction in organization theory: A critique and research strategy, Academy of Management Review, 13(2), pp. 182-201, doi: 10.5465/AMR.1988.4306858.
Peters, G. B. & Pierre, J. (2003) The role of public administration in governing, In: Peters, G. B. & Pierre, J. (eds) Handbook of Public Administration (London: Sage Publications), pp. 1–10.
Rainey, H. G. (2002) What motivates bureaucrats? Politics and administration during the Reagan years, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(2), pp. 303-306, doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003535.
Rainey, H. G. Backoff, R. W. & Levine, C. H. (1976) Comparing public and private organizations, Public Administration Review, 36(2), pp. 233-246, doi: 10.2307/975145.
Reynaers, A & De Graaf, G. (2014) Public values in public–private partnerships, International Journal of Public Administration, 37(2), pp. 120-128, doi: 10.1080/01900692.2013.836665.
Rosenau, P. (2000) The Strengths and Weaknesses of Public-Private Policy Partnerships (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
Salamon, L. (2002) The new governance and the tools of public action: an introduction, In: Salamon, L. (ed.) The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press), pp. 1–47.
Savitch, H. V. (1998) The ecology of public-private partnerships: Europe, In: Pierre, J. (ed.) Partnerships in Urban Governance: European and American Experience (New York: St. Martin's Publishing House), pp. 175-186.
Schaeffer, P. V. & Loveridge, S. (2002) Toward an understanding of types of public-private cooperation, Public Performance & Management Review, 26(2), pp. 169-189, doi: 10.1177/1530957602238261.
Sullivan, H. & Skelcher, C. (2003) Working across boundaries: collaboration in public services, Health and Social Care in the Community, 11(2), pp. 185–185. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.04183.x.
Thompson, J. L. (2002) The world of the social entrepreneur, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5), pp. 412-431, doi: 10.1108/09513550210435746.
Van Gestel, N., Koppenjan, J., Schrijver, I., Van de Ven, A. & Veeneman, W (2008) Managing public values in public-private networks: A comparative study of innovative public infrastructure projects, Public Money and Management, 28(3), pp. 139-145, doi: 0.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00635.x.
Weihe, G. (2008) Public-private partnerships and public-private value trade-offs, Public Money and Management, 28(3), pp. 153–158, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00637.x.
Wettenhall, R. (2003) The rhetoric and reality of public-private partnerships, Public Organization Review: a Global Journal, 3(1), pp. 77–107, doi: 10.1023/A:1023000128175.
Published
2015-07-31
Issue
Section
Conference Paper (Annual Conference 2020)
