Women Leadership in Public Sector – Evidence from Serbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4335/18.2.253-270(2020)Keywords:
management, advancement, women, glass ceiling, public sectorAbstract
The role of women in society every day is growing. Women achieve significant business outcomes, along with men, although their efforts are often not evaluated in the same way. Despite their extraordinary commitment to the jobs they perform, women still find themselves in the so-called "glass ceiling" - barriers that prevent them from progressing to better careers and to be equally valued and paid as men. Nowadays, there is a great desire and engagement of all layers of society and the state to change that situation so that women can prove their abilities in the most responsible positions, both in companies and public sectors as well. This paper starts from the fact that there is no favoring of men in relation to women in management positions in the state administration in Serbia, and that the main preconditions for someone to perform these functions are knowledge, education and work experience.
References
Akpinar-Sposito, C. (2013) Career barriers for women executives and the Glass Ceiling Syndrome: the case study comparison between French and Turkish women executives, 2nd International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, pp. 488 – 497.
Berg, E., Barry, J. & Chandler, J. (2012) Changing Leadership and Gender in Public Sector Organizations, British journal of management, 23(3), pp. 402-414.
Buitrago, R. (2017) Knowledge management through the female leadership as an essential resource for organizational competitiveness, Revista cicag, 14(2), pp. 320-337.
Catalyst. (2004) The bottom line: Connecting corporate performance and gender diversity (New York: Catalyst).
Dowling, G., (2017) The glass ceiling: fact or a misguided metaphor?, Annals in Social Responsibility, 3(1), pp.23-41.
Elewa, Tamer F. & Nasr, A. (2016) The effect of gender on leadership styles: the case of UAE public sector, International journal of advanced and applied sciences, 3(4), pp. 15-19.
Elias, E. (2018). Lessons learned from women in leadership positions: How working women can survive and thrive, Work-a journal of prevention assessment & rehabilitation, 59(2), pp. 175-181.
Fisher, H. (2005) The First Sex: The Natural Talents of Women and How They Are Changing the World (New York: Ballantine Books).
Fondas, N. (1997) Feminization unveiled: Management qualities in contemporary writings. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp. 257-282.
Gillespie, K., Maniam, B. & Subramaniam, G. (2018) Glass Ceiling Effect on Working Woman, Advanced science letters, 24(7), pp. 5156-5158.
Gino, F., Ashley Wilmuth, C. & Wood Brooks, A. (2015) Compared to men, women view professional advancement as equally attainable, but less desirable, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 112(40), pp. 12354-12359.
Grant Thornton (2015) Grant Thornton International Business Report 2015, available at: http://www.grantthornton.co.nz/Assets/documents/pubSeminars/IBR2015-WIB-report.pdf?hc_location=ufi (Oktober 12, 2019).
Heilman, M. E. (2001) Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes preven women’s ascent up the organizational ladder, Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), pp. 657-674.
Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S. & Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106, pp. 39–60.
Jovanović, P., Petrović, D., Mihić, M. & Obradović, V. (2012) Necessary Skills of Managers in Transition Countries - The Case of Serbia, Technics Technologies Education Management, 7(2), pp. 631-637.
Kekic, D., Stevanović, O. & Mihic, M., (2014) Knowledge Management in Serbian Police Organization, In: Milašinović, S., Simović, D. & Simeunović-Patić, B. (eds) Thematic Conference Proceedings of International Significance (Belgrade: Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies).
Kuchynkova, L., (2017) The Causes of an Unequal Position of Women in the Labour Market, Proceedings of the 5th international conference on management, leadership and governance, 5, pp. 239-244.
Lyness, K. & Thompson, D. (2000) Climbing the corporate ladder: Do female and male executives follow the same route?, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), pp. 86-101.
Mavin, S. (2001) Women’s career in theory and practice: time for change?, Women in Management Review, 16(4), pp. 183-192.
Maškarinec, P. & Klimovský, D. (2017) Determinants of Women’s Descriptive Representation in the 2014 Czech and Slovak Local Elections, Lex localis – Journal of Local Self-Government, 15(3), pp. 387-410.
McKinsey and Company (2012) Women matter: An Asian perspective. Harnessing female talent to raise corporate performance, available at: http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/dotcom/client_service/Organization/PDFs/Women_Matter_Asia.ashx (October 12, 2019).
Mihic, M., Petrovic, D., Obradovic, V. & Vuckovic, A. (2015) Project Management Maturity Analysis in the Serbian Energy Sector, Energies, 8, pp. 3924-3943; https://doi.org/10.3390/en8053924.
Northouse, P. G. (2015) Leadership: theory and practice. Seventh edition (Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.).
Pereda-Perez, F.J., Lopez-Guzman, T. & Gonzalez-Santa Cruz, F. (2018) Managerial skills and gender differences in the public sector: The case of Cordoba (Spain), Revista espanola de ciencia politica-recp, 46, pp. 199-230.
Perryman, A., Fernando, G. & Tripathy, A. (2016) Do gender differences persist? An examination of gender diversity on firm performance, risk, and executive compensation, Journal of business research, 69(2), pp. 579-586.
Phillips, S. & Imhoff, A. (1997) Women and career development: A Decade of Research, Annual Review of Psychology, 48, pp. 31-59.
Saricicek, R., Copuroglu, F. & Aytekin, M. (2017) Women workforce looking through the glass ceiling, 4th international conference on education and social sciences, Intcess 2017, pp. 84-92.
Schachter, H. L. (2017) Women in Public Administration: Giving Gender a Place in Education for Leadership, Administration & society, 49(1), pp. 143-158.
Schwartz-Shea, P. & Yanow, D. (2006) Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the InterpretiveTurn (New York: Armonk).
Sigma (2008) Assessment Serbia: Assessment of the Public Service (Belgrade: Sigma).
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2011) Women and men in Serbia (Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia).
Štimac, V. & Lazarević M. (2014) Public management work context and reforms in Serbia - results from a large scale survey of senior public executive (Belgrade: Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence).
